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BCL includes a small subset of the entire class library and is the core set of classes that serve as the basic API of CLR.19 For .NET Framework most classes considered being part of BCL reside in mscorlib.dll, System.dll and System.Core.dll. BCL classes are available in .NET Framework as well as in CLI’s alternative implementations, including .NET Compact Framework, Microsoft Silverlight, .NET Core and Mono. As mandated by the specification, assemblies are stored in Portable Executable (PE) file format, common on Windows platform for all dynamic-link library (DLL) and executable EXE files. Each assembly consists of one or more files, one of which must contain a manifest bearing the metadata for the assembly. The complete name of an assembly (not to be confused with the file name on disk) contains its simple text name, version number, culture, and public key token.

Because computer systems commonly require interaction between newer and older applications, .NET Framework provides means to access functions implemented in newer and older programs that execute outside .NET environment. Access to Component Object Model (COM) components is provided in System.Runtime.InteropServices and System.EnterpriseServices namespaces of the framework. Access to other functions is via Platform Invocation Services (P/Invoke). Access to .NET functions from native applications is via the reverse P/Invoke function.

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The official community mascot of .NET is the .NET Bot (stylized as “dotnet bot” or “dotnet-bot”). The dotnet bot served as the placeholder developer for the initial check-in of the .NET source code when it was open-sourced.61 It has since been used as the official mascot. For example, you can find sites in German that were updated in the last 24 hours or clip art images in black and white. To discover additional tips for advanced search, click on the links below. It is used to retrieve third-party libraries into a .NET project with a global library feed at NuGet.org.22 Private feeds can be maintained separately, e.g., by a build server or a file system directory. A private key can also be used by the creator of the assembly for strong naming.

Assemblies are considered equivalent if they share the same complete name. CLR frees the developer from the burden of managing memory (allocating and freeing up when done); it handles memory management itself by detecting when memory can be safely freed. Instantiations of .NET types (objects) are allocated from the managed heap; a pool of memory managed by CLR.

The public key token determines the real-world identity of the assembly’s signer. Only those knowing their private key (of the double-key cryptography system) can sign assemblies that have the same strong name as a prior version assembly. To change your preferred theme for Search, you can update your Search settings. Your theme choice saves on each desktop when you’re signed in to your Google Account. After a search, you find related searches to what you originally searched for.

The .NET Framework (pronounced as “dot net”) is a proprietary software framework developed by Microsoft that runs primarily on Microsoft Windows. It was the predominant implementation of the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) until being superseded by the cross-platform .NET project. It includes a large class library called Framework Class Library (FCL) and provides language interoperability (each language can use code written in other languages) across several programming languages.

Microsoft also produces an integrated development environment for .NET software called Visual Studio. FCL is much larger in scope than standard libraries for languages like C++, and comparable in scope to standard libraries of Java. It serves as the execution engine of .NET Framework and offers many services such as memory management, type safety, exception handling, garbage collection, security and thread management. Managed CIL bytecode is easier to reverse-engineer than native code, unless obfuscated.30 .NET decompiler programs enable developers with no reverse-engineering skills to view the source code behind unobfuscated .NET assemblies. To mitigate this, Microsoft has included Dotfuscator Community Edition with Visual Studio .NET since 2002.b Third-party obfuscation tools are also available from vendors such as VMware, V.i. Labs, Turbo, and Red Gate Software. Method-level encryption tools for .NET code are available from vendors such as SafeNet.

• It serves as the execution engine of .NET Framework and offers many services such as memory management, type safety, exception handling, garbage collection, security and thread management.
• Some alternative implementations of parts of the framework are listed here.
• BCL classes are available in .NET Framework as well as in CLI’s alternative implementations, including .NET Compact Framework, Microsoft Silverlight, .NET Core and Mono.
• The .NET Compact Framework and .NET Micro Framework variants of the .NET Framework provided support for other Microsoft platforms such as Windows Mobile, Windows CE and other resource-constrained embedded devices.
• Topics are available on computers for most countries or regions, and they’ll expand to more countries or regions and languages on mobile.

Class library

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If you’re looking for a place or product in a specific location, add the location in your search. Windows Vista is the first client version of Windows that integrated the .NET Framework. In November 2020, Microsoft released .NET 5.0.25 The “Core” branding was abandoned and version 4.0 was skipped to avoid conflation with .NET Framework, of which the latest releases had all used 4.x versioning for all significant (non-bugfix) releases since 2010.

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• However, starting with .NET Framework 4.0, the Dynamic Language Runtime extended the CLR, allowing dynamically typed languages to be implemented atop the CLI.
• As long as a reference to an object exists, which may be either direct, or via a graph of objects, the object is considered to be in use.
• After you click a web result and return back to the search results, you may find more related results added to what was originally generated.
• The public key token determines the real-world identity of the assembly’s signer.
• CLR frees the developer from the burden of managing memory (allocating and freeing up when done); it handles memory management itself by detecting when memory can be safely freed.

Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) provides a language-neutral platform for application development and execution. By implementing the core aspects of .NET Framework within the scope of CLI, these functions will not be tied to one language but will be available across the many languages supported by the framework. NuGet serves as the primary distribution mechanism for libraries and tools in the .NET ecosystem, including third-party components that extend core functionality.

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Among these are ADO.NET-compatible data providers, which offer database connectivity for systems beyond the default SQL Server support. These providers enable direct access to databases such as Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, and others, and are commonly used in applications that require cross-platform data access, integration with ORM technologies, or support for specific database features. In the late 1990s, Microsoft began developing a managed code runtime and programming language (C#) which it billed together as part of the “.NET platform”, with the core runtime and software libraries comprising the prepaid lease agreements .NET Framework. Also, parts of FCL have Windows-specific functions and behavior, so implementation on non-Windows platforms can be problematic.

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Topics allow you to add terms to your query that can help you get more specific information or explore related information. They’re based on what our systems understand about how people search and how content is analyzed across the web. Topics are available on computers for most countries or regions, and they’ll expand to more countries or regions and languages on mobile. Some alternative implementations of parts of the framework are listed here. Microsoft introduced C++/CLI in Visual Studio 2005, which is a language and means of compiling Visual C++ programs to run within the .NET Framework. Some parts of the C++ program still run within an unmanaged Visual C++ Runtime, while specially modified parts are translated into CIL code and run with the .NET Framework’s CLR.

While Microsoft has never implemented the full framework on any system except Microsoft Windows, it has engineered the framework to be cross-platform,24 and implementations are available for other operating systems (see Silverlight and § Alternative implementations). This makes it possible for third parties to create compatible implementations of the framework and its languages on other platforms. Because of this feature, .NET Framework supports the exchange of types and object instances between libraries and applications written using any conforming CLI language.

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This also makes most CLI languages statically typed (with or without type inference). However, starting with .NET Framework 4.0, the Dynamic Language Runtime extended the CLR, allowing dynamically typed languages to be implemented atop the CLI. In a browser, like Chrome or Firefox, you can choose your preferred theme for Google Search. If you prefer a specific color scheme for Search pages, you can choose to always use a Light theme or Dark theme. Search pages include the Google homepage, search results page, and Search settings.